IntroductionThe rise of a group of emerging economies is one of the most striking phenomena in recent economic history. The creation of “diplomatic clubs” among States such as BRICS, characterize current evolutions in the political arena. This group constitutes a forum of industrialised, large and fast-growing economies with significant influence on regional and global matters. They have assumed a proactive presence in several multilateral contexts aiming at promoting normative and operational changes. This effort has been primarily generated at their annual summit for the Heads of State.
The term BRICs was coined by the Chief Economist of Goldman Sachs in 2001, in a paper titled “Building Better Global Economic BRICs” and at the time it included Brazil, Russia, India and China. South Africa joined the group only in 2011. The concept of “emergence” was seen essentially as a market-driven phenomenon that reflected deep changes in the structure of global economy as well as making the “right” economic policy choices. It is considered a multi-dimensional phenomenon, the product of economic, socio-political and identity elements. The grouping’s pattern of resilience would have legitimated a posteriori their conceptual coherence.
The Fifth BRICS Summit was held on the 26th and 27th of March 2013 in Durban, South Africa. The Summit which brought together the heads of the emerging States of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, took place for the first time on African soil. The leaders expressed their opinion on the theme of “BRICS and Africa – Partnership for Development, Integration and Industrialisation”. The objectives on the agenda were ambitious: promoting development and reforming multilateral institutions. The eThekwini Declaration reaffirmed the group’s commitment to promoting international law and multilateralism, as well as global stability, development and co-operation, based on an inclusive approach. The Summit brought together the leaders of countries that, together, account for more than 40 per cent of the global population, nearly 30 per cent of the land mass, and a share in world GDP (PPP) that has increased from 16 per cent in 2000 to nearly 25 per cent in 2010.
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