[hal-00255867] Spatial heterogeneity of land cover response to climatic change in the Nilgiri highlands (southern India) since the Last Glacial Maximum

Auteur:

Laurent Caner

Danny Lo Seen

Yanni Gunnell

B. R. Ramesh

G. Bourgeon

Date de publication:

01 Janvier 2007

Mots-clefs:

Land cover
cubierta terrestre
cambio climático
Climatic changes
Uplands
Highland (GB)
Highlands (Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée)
Hautes terres
Aukstaitija
India, South
Last Glacial Maximum
Soil profiles
vegetación
Plants
Flore
Plantes
Plantas
Flora
Grandes Plaines
grassland
bosques
bosque
Plantations
Plantaciones
delta
Soils
Sols
Suelos
rate
materia orgánica
Peat bogs
Tourbières
knowledge
History
histoire
Historia
asentamientos humanos
landscape
Landscapes
cambio
Change
Changement (philosophie)
Change (périodique)
Cambio (Filosofía)
expansion
Climate
climat
Clima
Climatology
Humidity
Läänemaa
Winds
Vents
viento
valle
valles
annuaire
Rain and rainfall
Areas
deforestación
Deforestation
Cultivators
Motoculteurs
Motocultores
Europeans
Européens
Sixteenth century
Seizième siècle
16th century
mosaic
estable
establo
Last
Example
Exemple
soil
Inde
Humus
carbón
isotope
Würm
life
Life (périodique)
Vie
Vida
science
Sciences
Progrès scientifique et technique
ciencia
Ciencias
Humanities
Lettres classiques (enseignement supérieur)
Humanidades
Life sciences
Sciences de la vie
ciencia biológica
Universe
Flore (divinité romaine)
sciences humaines

Publié ici :

21 Octobre 2015

Mis à jour le :

05 Juillet 2017

Domaines:

Géographie

Langue de publication:

Anglais

Fourteen hillslope soil profiles were sampled under natural vegetation (i.e., grassland or forest) and plantations in the Nilgiri highlands, southern India. Delta 13C ratios were measured at different depths and 14C ages determined for six profiles. In these highland soils where the turnover rate of organic matter is extremely low, the Δ13C ratios of entire soil profiles have recorded signatures of past land cover. By correlating the data with results previously obtained from peat bogs and with knowledge concerning the history of human settlement, we distinguish three contrasting trajectories of palaeoenvironmental history and landscape change since the Last Glacial Maximum. In the central Nilgiris, between 18 and 10 ka BP, forest expansion occurred due to the conjunction of a wetter climate (the maximum of southwest monsoon-related humidity occurring at ca. 11 ka BP) and higher temperatures; since 10 ka BP, the reversal towards grassland vegetation is attributed to drier conditions. In the western Nilgiris, where strong southwest monsoon winds permanently restrict forest patches to sheltered valley sites, steady but limited expansion of forest from 18 ka BP to the present is recorded and attributed to rising temperatures. The southern and eastern Nilgiris, where the northeast monsoon contributes 20% of the annual rainfall, are the less sensitive to fluctuations in the southwest monsoon. In these areas, rapid and extensive expansion of forest occurred mainly as a consequence of higher temperatures from 18 ka BP to the present. Massive deforestation by Badaga cultivators and Europeans planters followed after the 16th century AD. As a result, and in contrast with the western Nilgiris where the land cover mosaic has remained remarkably stable in the last 18 ka BP, the current landscape differs sharply from the land cover pattern detected by the soil record.

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[hal-00255867] Spatial heterogeneity of land cover response to climatic change in the Nilgiri highlands (southern India) since the Last Glacial Maximum

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[hal-00255867] Spatial heterogeneity of land cover response to climatic change in the Nilgiri highlands (southern India) since the Last Glacial Maximum

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