Caste and Collective Memory in South India

Auteur:

Zoé E. Headley

Date de publication:

01 Janvier 2011

Mots-clefs:

Caste
Castes
Castas
Collective memory
Mémoire collective
Memoria colectiva
India, South
Essay
Essay (Orne)
Essai (genre littéraire)
Ensayo
Historians
Historiens
dialogue
Dialogue (littérature)
Diálogo
Anthropology and history
Social sciences
sciences sociales
Ciencias sociales
ciencias humanas
South Asia
Exchange
Microsoft Exchange (logiciel)
échange
import
Compréhension
Dynamics
Dynamique
Dinámica
morfología (lengua)
Morphology
Morphologie (linguistique)
Morphologie (biologie)
morfología (biológica)
Inde
History
histoire
Historia
Années 1960
Nineteen sixties
nombre
Number
Nombre (linguistique)
Anthropologists
individu
Context
mobilidad social
Social mobility
Mobilité sociale
Movilidad social
cambio
Change
Changement (philosophie)
Change (périodique)
Cambio (Filosofía)
19th century
Nineteenth century
Dix-neuvième siècle
public
arena
Purity, Ritual
occupation
Generosity
don
Générosité
Generosidad
voie
Representative government and representation
Régime représentatif
Représentation politique
Gobierno representativo
Negotiation
Négociations
Negociación
identidad
Identity (Philosophical concept)
Identité (philosophie)
corpus
memory
Tamil
Description and travel
Description (linguistique)
Descriptions et voyages
Will
Volonté
Testaments
testament
Drawing
dessin
Dibujo
Structure
Structure (périodique)
Perception
Day
Jour
Manners and customs
Moeurs et coutumes
Etiquette
Savoir-vivre
Etiqueta
tipología
Pramalai Kallans
transmission
transmisión
pozo
pozos
Group identity
body
producción
knowledge
Figures of speech
Tropes (logiciel)
Figures de rhétorique
Figuras del lenguaje
Kallans
Kallar (caste de l'Inde)
Humanities
Lettres classiques (enseignement supérieur)
Humanidades
anthropologie
Anthropology
ethnologie
Ethnology
Régimes représentatifs
sciences humaines
empleo
vía
well

Publié ici :

05 Juin 2012

Mis à jour le :

16 Octobre 2017

Domaines:

Ethnologie, anthropologie

Langue de publication:

Anglais

Since Cohn's landmark essay "An anthropologist among historians" (1962), the dialogue between history and anthropology has been particularly volubile and has shaped much of the methodological approaches and theoretical orientations of social sciences of South Asia. This essay engages in this disciplinary exchange by addressing an issue of crucial import for the understanding of the dynamics of social morphology in contemporary India, that is the issue of the uses of history in the formation of social identities. Since the late sixties, a number of studies by historians and anthropologists have examined the uses history by individual castes and subcastes especially within the context of social mobility and economic change which affected many castes from the second half of the 19th century. These studies have addressed this issue through the lens of 'caste histories' authored by new elites competing against each other in a public arena where criteria of ritual purity and traditional occupation were giving way to economical dominance and political representation. In this essay, I address the issue of negotiation between history and caste identity not through published caste histories but through a corpus of oral narratives which constitutes the collective, or rather, popular memory of a Tamil subcaste, the Pramalai Kallars. Before proceeding to the description of the narrative content of this form of popular memory, I will begin by sketching out the different regimes of historicity which structure this sub-caste's perception of the past and its present day usages. A typology of the past among the Pramalai Kallar subcaste reveals three means of transmission of the past -written, audio and oral- which differ from each other both in terms of content as well as in terms of their function in the re-production of the social identity of the Pramalai Kallars. By focussing on the body of oral narratives constituting popular memory, this essay examines how processes of production and transmission of local knowledge of the past serve to reproduce caste identities that are, in fact, not completely dependent on the tropes of the post-colonial predicament.

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